6MP medication a purine analogue, has emerged as a critical component in cancer treatment. 6MP is widely used in leukemia therapy, notably for young patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and has cytotoxic effects via interrupting nucleic acid synthesis. As a precursor to thioguanine nucleotides, it inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, limiting cancer cell proliferation. Its immunosuppressive qualities contribute to its effectiveness in treating certain autoimmune diseases. Regardless of its efficacy, close monitoring is required owing to potential toxicity. Ongoing research investigates novel applications and combination therapies to improve 6MP's anticancer potential while reducing side effects, highlighting its importance in modern oncology and the ongoing hunt for more effective and tailored cancer treatments.